Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 1152 Words

Henrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† addresses the importance of the roles women play throughout this time period. Women are thought to be like â€Å"dolls† to their husbands, by obeying their commands and keeping a good image. We see the main character, Nora Helmer struggle to keep her perfect image of a great wife as troubles start to arise. Throughout the play we begin to see Nora push through her troubles and find her true identity, Nora shifts from being the loving, perfect wife, to being a strong and independent woman. Starting in Act one we see Nora Helmer as a loving, wife that likes to spend all her husband’s money. Although, she asks for money quite often and seems to spend freely, she never spends the money on herself. She only purchases things for the house or her children. Nora seems like a very selfless individual whose main concerns are her family. Through the statement her husband, Torvald says â€Å"that is, if you actually hung onto t he money I give you, and you actually used it to buy yourself something† (800), we get the impression that Nora cares more about the happiness of others than her own happiness. Instead of spending the money on herself, she would rather spend it on her family. Nora plays the role of a loving woman who wants to please her husband and be the perfect wife. We later realize there is more to Nora’s spending habits than we know. When Mrs. Linde arrives at the Helmer home, we see a shift in gears with Nora. At first Nora is very happy andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husband’s, Torvald, life. Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"doll† and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House884 Words   |  4 Pagestransform minor lies such as white lies into something more dangerous. When one works to conceal a lie, a cloud of deception hangs over those involved and can lead to the destruction of friendships, relationships, and even marriages. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, he uses the motif of lies and deception to illustrate the fragileness of the Helmer’s marriage, which ultimately leads to its demise. Nora Helmer, a naà ¯ve woman who has never been given the chance to mature into an independent womanRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House995 Words   |  4 Pagesimagining and guiding the integration of all these elements belongs to the director. One of the toughest tasks of a director is to reinvigorate a socially important and renowned production while maintaining its original message and composition. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House is a socially important realistic play that portrays the gender dynamics that plagued the nineteenth century and questions the expectations held for women in a household and society. The play is still incredibly influential because the issuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 851 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsens’s, A Doll House, details the lives of the Helmers, a seemingly perfect couple. As the story progresses from act to act, it becomes quite obvious that their relationship is everything but perfect. Complic ations arise quickly when a forged loan by Nora Helmer is brought to her husband Torvald’s attention. The prejudices women experience, particularly, Nora is a definite tone in this play. Henrick Ibsen does a great job at showing both sides of the oppression of women, particularly withinRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1472 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Doll House† Playing many different characters is what Henrik Ibsen’s meant to do in A Doll House. The main characters fool people into believing they are someone other than their true selves. Nora plays her role flawlessly as she pretends to be living two different lives. Nora is Torvalds devoted and self-indulgent wife, but naively enough, she doesn’t realize she is a courageous, self-sufficient women. As the character’s progress so does Nora’s personality, she goesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 924 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen once wrote a play called â€Å"A Doll House.† Back in 1879 when the play was written there was lots of controversy on whether are not they play should have been showed. It created lots of arguments because of the time that they play was done (Hemmer). In the time frame that Ibsen wrote his play it was a time where women really had no say. Women would listen to their husbands and do as they say. At the end of the original play Nora, the main character, left her husband and her kids. IbsenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House1460 Words   |  6 Pagesopposition to the idea of a female president. Traditionalist opposition has women body shamed into the fixed standard of beauty being the skinny Caucasian blonde. People still look down on women in troubled relationships as being their fault. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House puts into criticism the problems brought by traditionalism though the story between Torvald and Nora. Where Nora has to keep a secret how she saved her husband’s life to save her marriage, because she fears a woman helping a man would shameRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesIn Hendrik Ibsen play â€Å"A Doll House† Nora is a women who had typical women gender role in the 19th century to take care of the children and the home so that she can please her husband while her husband handles all the outs ide business and money as the primary care taker. Nora has always lived with a man that took care of her and told her what to do. Nora completely accepted her expectations and â€Å"conditions of the world in which she live† as Torvald put it, because she never had the opportunity toRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1154 Words   |  5 Pagessacrifice mean? Is it important? Sacrifice can be defined as an act of immolating someone or something. Will one might think it depends on the person to decide on the importance of the sacrifice? In light of this play, â€Å"A Doll House† written realistically by Henrik Ibsen, he has portrayed many symbols throughout the play. One of the many symbols that stood out was sacrifice. Clothing also symbolized some importance in the play and the Tarantella dance as well. However, what exactly is a symbolRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional stereotypes, men are strong and dominant, while women are weak and submissive. There are moments in the person’s life when men do not appreciate their wives and go across their limits. This view sounds a lot like what Henrik Ibsen wrote about in his play, A Doll House. Ibsen presented gender roles through social roles, identity and marriage. This factors affect how the characters in the play are viewed by society. Althouth gender roles have changed over time and males and females have become more

Violent Media Is Good for Kids Essay - 942 Words

Violent Media is Good for Kids Analysis From infancy onward, parents and teachers have drilled into the young generation that violence should be avoided at all costs. They have preached cooperation, tolerance, and â€Å"using one’s words† as tactics to combat difficult situations. Although those lessons are valid, Gerald Jones claims there is an alternative way. In his essay, â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids,† Jones argues that â€Å"creative violence- bonking cartoons, bloody videogames, toy guns-gives children a tool to master their rage† (Jones). In other words, media violence, used correctly, can serve as an alternative method for powering through adolescence. By reading and writing violent stories, children are able to express†¦show more content†¦Jones acknowledges these points. However, he refutes them by saying that â€Å"it’s helped hundreds of people for everyone its hurt, and it can help far more if we learn how to use it† (Jones). In other words, wh en we channel violent media into heroic battles of good versus evil, it can empower a child in need. This rebuttal contributes to the objectivity of the essay. It shows that the author did his research so well that he can recognize opposing viewpoints and refute them. The author also effectively supports his thesis through pathos. To evoke strong emotion in his readers, Jones appeals to the audience’s feeling of vulnerability in their youth. Recognizing that during adolescence most people feel powerless, he tells engaging stories of his own and his son’s rise to power through comic books to give the audience something to connect to. As these stories are told, readers reminisce about those days, and feel joy in knowing that there was a happy ending. The feelings created make the audience look positively at the essay and relate to it. Lastly, Jones uses logos to solidify his argument with concrete evidence. This is done by giving two real-life examples of girls that were helped through childhood by writing violent media. In both cases, Jones personally assisted these girls during a difficult time, and got them started on their path to future successes. The first example involves a little girl, Emily, whose parents wereShow MoreRelatedViolent Media Is Good For Kids1193 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† is an article which makes many claims to support the argument that a controlled amount of violence could be good for a developing child. Even though this article is controversial the claims serve to support the argument. Throughout the analyzing process logos, ethos, and pathos are searched for and scrutinized. The rhetorical strategies are what makes a paper effective or not. In this case the author uses, what I believe, is just the correct amount of each and fulfillsRead MoreViolent Media Is Good for Kids964 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in media is healthy and beneficial for children—or so claims Gerard Jones, author of â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids†. It is undeniable that the title of Jones’s essay is straightforward and aptly named, if not confidently bold. But while his claim may boast confidence, it lacks credibility. Jones does do a great job introducing his controversial claim by using passion, persuasion, and personal experience. However, his insufficient evidence and fallacious reasoning fail to supportRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids962 Words   |  4 PagesGerard Jones’s â€Å" Violent Media Is Good For Kids,† violent media indeed has a remarkable influence upon the minds and general growth patterns of children. Jones argues that violent media can actually have positive effects on young people. Violent media can help people conquer their fear and make them courageous. Jones argument is very effective and convincing because he gives good examples of the positives that violent media has done notRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids1324 Words   |  6 Pagesthe topic of violent media, some of us would readily agree it’s a controversial subject as to whether kids should or shouldn’t be exposed to it. This is because many children who view violent media react negatively rather than not being affected at all. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of what effects does it have on children. Whereas some are convinced that it is a healthy alternative for kids to express themselves, others maintain that it causes kids to become moreRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids909 Words   |  4 PagesBarbarically inspiring Violent media; a strikingly relevant phenomenon millions are becoming captivated by. It’s everywhere you go, on your phone, the TV or on the computer. As much as people try to avoid it, they soon realize it’s ineluctable. Gerard Jones, a comic-book author, released a brief report, â€Å"Violent Media Is Good for Kids† that argued violent media is not only beneficial to children but also inspiring. He goes on to support his claim by sampling his own personal experiences. HoweverRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesViolent Comics Are the New Superheroes In the writing of Gerard Jones â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† is very interesting essay in which he describes how violent media can help kids to overcome obstacles, but whether it is convincing or not, I am not truly sure because the way the essay is written is biased. Jones as writer is making this controversial topic to gain more audience to read his writings, in addition, this essay fails in detail, it needs more statistics to support the examples thatRead MoreEssay on Violent Media...Good for Kids? 970 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† Gerard Jones introduces us to his fearful and lonesome childhood. He lived in a world where he was taught to be the violence fearing, and passive boy his parents wanted him to be. But, when one of his mother’s students gave him a Marvel comic book, his fearfulness was transformed into inspiration. He found a way to escape these discouraging feelings through the â€Å"stifled rage and desir e for power† (Jones 285) that he had newly found. The popular comic book heroRead MoreEssay about Violent Media Is Good for Kids1069 Words   |  5 PagesVIOLENT MEDIA IS GOOD FOR KIDS By Gerard Jones In our class book Practical Argument, I chose â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† by Gerard Joneson page 36. In this article Jones states and tries to prove that violent media is undeniably good for children. He challenges this by saying what he believes also how he grew up too passive because he was sheltered from the media. Upon hearing that the media has lofty messages of pacifism and tolerance (par.2), his mother had borrowed some comics for himRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids By Gerard Jones864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article, â€Å"Violent Media Is Good for Kids†, the author, Gerard Jones, begins by providing background information about himself. As a child, Jones was taught that violence was wrong, and as he grew up, he learned that violent comics and stories aided him to become an action movies and comic book writer. In his article, the author addresses why violent media are good for children. He points out that it helps them transform better soci ally, explore and conquer their feelings, and improves self-knowledgeRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids By Gerard Jones972 Words   |  4 PagesMother Jones, an American independent news organization, published the essay, â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† by Gerard Jones on June 28, 2000. In this article, Jones, a comic book writer, argues that violent media can have positive effects on children’s behavior. In fact, he asserts that â€Å"superhero stories helps kids negotiate the conflicts between the inner self and the public self† (60). Even though Jones’s thesis, refutation, and the conclusion are strong to support his argument, his evidence

Internet Speech Essay Example For Students

Internet Speech Essay Ladies and Gentlemen, adjudicator, chairman and fellow debaters. Firstly I would like to rebut the flaws in the oppositions arguments. The Internet is essentially a network of computers bringing together people from all over the world. Yet some of these people may not have the best of intentions. Just like in the real world you must exercise caution when dealing with people and using the Internet. Because as we have proven the internet does cause more harm than good. This harm can be done in a number of ways, including unwanted or illegal pornography, financial loss, virus exploits and many more. Our first speaker Renee defined the topic and covered issues such as:*Internet Gambling*Internet Banking*Hacking and viruses Our second speaker Tam has proven our case and argued equally important issues such as:*The Chat Room danger*Paedophiles and pornography*PlagiarismWe have proven to you the dangers and harm done by the internet, but how can we control this unimaginable growth? The internet has no governing body through which laws and policies are enforced, so therefore has no hope of ever gaining control of this hectic system. What have we allowed to happen if teenagers can easily gain access to our governments secrets? How can we stop predators from making contact with innocen t children? And what advantage is there of having a computer if it can easily be destroyed by hackers?One of the main reasons we are harmed by the internet is because we rely on it so much. What would happen if we suddenly could not reach someone or all the information for your business was compromised or lost? One part of the internet that is relied on greatly is chat rooms. People feel that they can only meet people on the internet. Our 2nd speaker Tam said I quote There is always a chance one could be chatting with a murderer who is searching for his prey on the internet and sadly this is the truth. If Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman hadnt been chatting on the internet to murderer Ian Huntley they most certainly never would have been killed. Surely this horrific crime which shocked a nation has to teach us that the internet has simply become a playground for murderers, rapists and paedophiles. A playground which we can no longer control! Id also like to quote Aldous Huxley. He sa id Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards. After hearing that Id also like to ask you how we can continue to let the internet grow until what little control we may have had is lost. In conclusion when did the internet simply become www? Worlds Worst Worry!

Ventricular Fibrillation

Question: Identify this acute or chronic illness, Ventricular fibrillation; discuss it, and the disease process that goes with it in the clinical setting. Answer: Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. It is a serious condition in which is irregular rhythm of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart (Rea et al. 2014). This uncoordinated fluctuation alters normal interaction and puts the heartbeat and pulse beat out of sync. VF is the most frequently identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patient. Symptoms: When VF occurs, the two lower chamber of our heart are not able to pump enough to move blood through our body. This causes quick drop in our Blood pressure and as a result blood cannot get our crucial organs. The most common symptoms of VF are, one hour or less before losing consciousness patient will feel: Dizziness Nausea Chest pain Shortness of breath Fluttering heartbeat If someone experiencing VF symptoms then they should immediately call for help. Emergency Treatment: Emergency treatment of VF focuses on recovering blood flow through our body as fast as possible to stop damage in brain and other organs (Nademanee et al. 2011). Emergency treatments include: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: This treatment helps to maintain blood flow by mimicking the pumping motion that our heart makes. This is the process of pushing tough and fast on the patients chest almost 100 compressions per minute. Defibrillation: This is an electric shock through the chest barrier to the heart that temporarily stops the heart and the disordered rhythm after that it continues the normal heart rhythm. Medications: Various anti-arrhythmic drugs like a class of Beta blockers are used for emergency or long-term treatment. Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: After stable condition of patient ICD can be implemented. It is a battery power unit thats implemented near the left collarbone and constantly monitor heart rhythm. Coronary Angioplasty: this treatment is for severe VF that opens blocked coronary arteries and allows flowing blood freely to heart. Coronary Bypass Surgery: This is a surgery that involves sewing the veins or arteries in a place at a site away from the blocked coronary artery. Reference List: Rea, T., Olsufka, M., Yin, L., Maynard, C., Cobb, L. (2014). The relationship between chest compression fraction and outcome from ventricular fibrillation arrests in prolonged resuscitations.Resuscitation,85(7), 879-884. Nademanee, K., Veerakul, G., Chandanamattha, P., Chaothawee, L., Ariyachaipanich, A., Jirasirirojanakorn, K., ... Ngarmukos, T. (2011). Prevention of ventricular fibrillation episodes in Brugada syndrome by catheter ablation over the anterior right ventricular outflow tract epicardium.Circulation,123(12), 1270-1279.

Anne Sexton Essay Example

Anne Sexton Essay Anne Sexton’s use of language in her poem Her Kind illustrates a kindred link to other women.   The final line of the first stanza’s illustrates this point, â€Å"I have been her kind† (Sexton line 7).   This relates back to the previous lines in which Sexton is making reference to a witch.   In this case perhaps Sexton does not mean a literal witch, but rather another definition of the word which could be stretched to mean an entity of evil.   In this, Sexton states, â€Å"†¦a possessed with/ haunting the black air†¦dreaming evil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sexton, lines 1-3).   It seems also that there is a literal translation in the word choice.   The witch trials which plagues 17th century America are a black mark in history, and the target audience in these ‘shows’ were women.   Thus, Sexton is relating herself to the history of her gender, by labeling herself in the first line a witch.This same stanza however presents the reader wit h an interesting subtle use of words, â€Å"A woman like that is not a woman, quite† (Sexton line 6).   Here, Sexton is suggesting that this fairy tale person manifested in the flesh is not entirely a woman.   This brings forth a fantastical air to the poem in revealing to the readers the fact that although the shape and symbol of the witch is a woman, she is not embodying a woman to the fullest extant.   Thus, the figure of the witch is lacking something which has become a staple trait of femininity.   Perhaps this is where Sexton is telling the reader that the traits that are in design attributed to women such as docility, propriety, and passiveness are not found in the personality shift of the witch.   Instead a witch is arrogant, forthright, and active, the opposite of what a woman is supposed to be in society.   The witch trials singled out women in a village or town who were independent, widowed, and self-sufficient, which meant they did not succumb to such standards of womanhood.   Sexton in the poem then is preserving the thought that a woman who is not categorized into a format of society’s wishes is not considered to be feminine and thus the line, â€Å"not a woman quite† (Sexton line 6).In stanza two Sexton reveals to the audience a setting.   In this setting natural elements are significant such as the woods, caves, and there is a juxtaposition between manmade items and items found in nature.   The development of this second stanza is presenting the reader with elements of a fairy tale.   This is found in her word usage such as, â€Å"fixed the suppers for the worms and the elves† (Sexton line 4).   The further extrapolation of the idea of an independent woman.   The idea of this woman in the second stanza is found in the setting Sexton sets for her reader.   The independence and the distance from society which Sexton reveals is found in the lines, â€Å"I have found the warm caves in the woods †Ã‚   (Sexton line 8).In this cave, in order to bring humanity to the woman whom Sexton described as not being a woman, the reader finds â€Å"skillets, carvings, shelves, closets, silks, innumerable goods† (Sexton lines 9-10).   In revealing these everyday items, these mundane trinkets of the common lives of people, Sexton is leading the reader into the common life of a woman.   Although society has labeled her as a witch, because of her independence and break from society she is an extreme introvert and that’s dangerous for society since they as a collective don’t understand how a person could willingly want to be alone.   In the items listed that the woman is holding in her cave it seems that Sexton is not denying the woman her femininity, as she places in the items she is holding in the cave, â€Å"silks† (Sexton line 10).   With the idea of silk, something soft and entirely woman-centered is conjured up in the reader’s mind.   Sexton goes on to explain the situation of the woman in the woods, how close to nature she is, how far from the buzz of the village and the religious rites and concepts as the woman in the woods is cooking supper for the â€Å"worms and elves† (Sexton line 11).   Sexton goes on to state quite plainly that, â€Å"A woman like that is misunderstood† (Sexton line 13).Stanza three is the quintessential stanza of Sexton’s poem.   In this stanza Sexton is relating the woman in the cave, the witch to the mundane activities of the world.   In this stanza Sexton is saying that even with the woman in the woods there are other women around the town, around the state, and the country the world even that have the disposition to be a witch, to be out of the ordinary in regards to the definitions of society.   Sexton reveals the hidden woman in society who has been a constant figure but whose life has been in accordance to her own ideas, and out of society’s sha dow, she has lived, as Sexton writes, â€Å"I have ridden in your cart, driver, waved my nude arms at villages going by, learning the last bright routes, survivor where your flames still bite my thigh† (Sexton lines 15-18).   Sexton is speaking about he depreciating value of the woman in regards to this time in history, this time of witch trials and backwards thinking in which a woman who was considered independent cannot be a normal function of society but instead is the symbol of evil.This reflection of Sexton’s language and her choice of time period is reflective of The Scarlet Letter in which the main character’s daughter Pearl was considered possessed by the devil because of the way she thought and her mother was considered possessed as well because she was a widow, attractive, and independent from society (Hawthorne Scarlet Letter 2004).   The time period Sexton choose was one in America in which many woman were wrongfully accused of torturing, and kil ling off people in a village.   They were hung, burned at the stake, drowned, and tortured for these accusations that were proven not by fact but through religion and false testimony.   The Salem witch trials proved to be a disparaging moment in history.   However, Sexton gives these women back their identity and brave nature by stating, â€Å"A woman like that is not ashamed to die.† (Sexton line 20).   Sexton ends the poem with, â€Å"I have been her kind† (Sexton line 21) stating that their memory, their way of living drives forth into new generations of independent women.

Dehumanization of American Soldiers in the Vietnam War essays

Dehumanization of American Soldiers in the Vietnam War essays Dehumanization is, as defined by the American Heritage College Dictionary, the deprivation of human qualities such as compassion. In the film Apocalypse Now, dehumanization is shown to the fullest extent in many such cases. Whether it was the killing of an innocent civilian, the bombing of a peaceful area, or the mere use of a racial slur, dehumanization was definitely a major factor in the film. In this essay, I hope to thoroughly describe the horror (no pun intended) and dehumanization that occurred in the Vietnam War with the American soldiers. The most common and horrible form of dehumanization that occurred during the Vietnam war was the killing of totally innocent civilians. In Apocalypse Now, this was only showed in one scene but it was one of the most powerful scenes in the movie. In the scene, the boat pulls up to a small fishing boat and asks them for their papers that say if theyre authorized to be fishing. While one man is checking the boat, one of the women on the boat makes a sudden move and the soldiers kill everyone on the boat for no reason other then the woman making a sudden movement. The men didnt seem to even think about what they were doing. They acted on, what I believe to be, their fear of not knowing what the woman was going to do. The soldier who first started shooting simply said, She jumped for you. You find out a little later that in actuality, the woman was going to get a small puppy out of a basket. I can understand that they arent that comfortable with having to fear for their lives a ll the time; but after they kill five innocent people for no reason, they just pack up and leave like nothing happen. They dont even appear to be that upset about it. They check for helpful supplies and not another word is said about it. A very mild and not very harmful form of dehumanization was the very common and frequent use of racial slurs among the soldiers abou...

Plan an effective IT infrastructure based on the needs of an Essay

Plan an effective IT infrastructure based on the needs of an organization - Essay Example Despite their growing popularity, cable companies have encountered huge costs of replacing their local loop cables with fiber optic cables to attain high bandwidths. There only demerit is its decreased throughput resulting from concentrated connections within a geographical area. Unlike other connections, cable companies use DOCSI v3 specifications. T-1 and T-3 are a form of leased line connection capable of attaining a data and voice speed of 1.5Mbps and 45Mbps respectively. The difference in speeds translates to a drastic cost implication for the latter. As compared to other forms of internet connection, leased line service are generally more expensive. The only advantage over other networks is its ability to provide permanent and active data connection without the need for dial up services. In addition, T-1 networks can be customized. With a 24 individual telephone and data line at 56kps, it provides a flexible data rate as per the user needs. Dial up connections require a telephone line to establish a server connection. A â€Å"dial up†number provides a link that initiates the connection process. It is the cheapest of all the services. However, the speed and stability provides a challenge. With a maximum speed of 56Kps it lags behind compared to other technologies. An improvement of the dial up connection resulted in ISDN. ISDN uses a circuit switch and a dedicated line. ISDN allows parallel data and telephone transmission (Laan, 2011). Frame relay, just like ATM provides high speed, packet-switched service for sending data between two local or long-distant regions. Both are layer 2 protocal meaning that they can be used in a twisted pair and fiber optic cable. However ATM differ from frame relay in a number of ways. ATM incorporates a mechanism where data is sent in a small 53-byte packages referred to as cells. This splitting of cells into small packages promotes efficient data